vitamin B family contains various B vitamins. All the B Vitamins are essential for the liver to perform its multitude of metabolic functions. Reviact Multivitamin contains the necessary vitamins B, so you don’t have to buy or administer them separately. Most antibiotics destroy the B-vitamins in the intestinal tract, often resulting in diarrhea. Providing enough Vitamin B complex will help your dog stay healthy and young and will allow him to deal with daily stresses and strains and to help your dog repel fleas and ticks. B vitamins help the body to convert food (carbohydrates) into fuel (glucose), which is used to produce energy. These B vitamins, often referred to as B complex vitamins, also help the body to use fats and protein. The B vitamins are a group of important vitamins that play a role in your dog's health. Thiamine helps regulate energy and carbohydrate metabolism and activates ion channels in neural tissue. Riboflavin, B12, and niacin help facilitate enzyme function. Vitamin B6 is especially vital B complex vitamins are needed for healthy skin, hair, eyes, and liver. They also help the nervous system to function properly (University of Maryland Medical Center).

Folic acid deficiencies usually occur due to small intestinal disease or pancreatic insufficiency but can also occur due to chronic use of certain medications such as trimethoprim. Folic acid is necessary for normal metabolic functions such as DNA synthesis and red blood cell production.

Bromelain -Digestive aid for proteins and natural antihistamine What is bromelain? Bromelain is naturally occurring enzyme sourced from pineapple. It's mainly used to ease pain and swelling, which is why you find bromelain in our Reviact™ multivitamins and Reviact™ Advanced joint support. Bromelain helps with many digestive problems too. Bromelain however is a proteolytic enzyme, i.e. it can break down proteins. This means that bromelain can help the body to digest food and absorb nutrients more efficiently, as well as effectively heal various issues in the gastrointestinal tract. Bromelain is also a natural antihistamine, i.e. digests the histamine molecule. Histamine causes allergies so bromelain can help relief some of the most common allergy symptoms.

Fructooligosaccharides are best known for stimulating beneficial flora growth in the digestive tract, i.e. acting as a prebiotic. Studies have shown that FOS is also ideal for maintaining mineral density and bone strength. It increases mineral content in the bones and supports joint health, i.e. through better absorption of calcium, magnesium, and iron. fructooligosaccharides (scFOS), which are low-calorie, non-digestible carbohydrates that can improve food taste and texture while aiding immunity, bone health and the growth and balance of important bacteria in the digestive track.

Gelatin is an irreversibly hydrolyzed form of collagen, wherein the hydrolysis reduces protein fibrils into smaller peptides; depending on the physical and chemical methods of denaturation, the molecular weight of the peptides falls within a broad range. Gelatin is used for weight loss and for treating osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and brittle bones (osteoporosis). Canine osteoarthritis is a joint disease commonly seen in veterinary practice.

In 1932 choline was discovered to be the active component of pure lecithin previously shown to prevent the fatty liver “lipotropic effect” in rats (Best et al., 1934). Choline deficiency in dogs is associated with a loss of body weight, vomiting, an increase in fat content of the liver, and death (NRC, 2006). Choline is absorbed in the jejunum and ileum mainly by an energy and sodium dependent carrier mechanism. Only one-third of ingested choline in monogastric diets appears to be absorbed intact. Absorbed choline is transported into the lymphatic circulation primarily in the form of lecithin bound to chylomicra. It is transported to the tissues predominantly as phospholipids associated with the plasma lipoproteins. The remaining two-thirds of choline is metabolized by intestinal microorganisms to trimethylamine, which is excreted in the urine between six and 12 hours after consumption (De La Huerga and Popper, 1952).

It is involved in many aspects of canine physiology, such as antioxidant protection, thyroid hormone metabolism, and immune function. Selenium has been found to reduce incidences of cancer in both dogs and human. Selenium supplementation has shown to decrease DNA damage and increase epithelial cell apoptosis within the aging canine prostate (Waters et al., 2003). Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element in animal nutrition, and exerts multiple actions related to animal production, fertility and disease prevention. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) enzyme was the first proven selenoenzyme that can prevent oxidative damage of the cellular membrane.

Magnesium is a cofactor and/or controls all the following functions in your dog's body: Hormone functions and secretions. Maintaining electrical balance across the membranes. Maintains calcium movement into the muscles. The trace minerals that are needed in much smaller quantities include iron, zinc, copper, chromium, iodine, selenium, manganese and fluorine. Because they are necessary for maintenance of bones and teeth, calcium and phosphorus are very important microminerals for proper dog nutrition.

Calcium is a major structural component of bones and teeth and is an essential dietary mineral. Various forms of calcium are available for supplementation. Calcium bound to lactate, citrate, ascorbate, and other organic acids appears to be more easily and completely absorbed than inorganic calcium supplements, such as calcium carbonate. Calcium supplements are often added to home-prepared diets to ensure proper calcium balance. Meat is naturally deficient in calcium, as are most vegetables and grains. Without adequate calcium, painful bone deformities may arise. Some vegetables, such as broccoli, kale, and collard greens contain high levels of calcium in a bioavailable form, and should only be included in a diet if specifically directed.

Zinc is also important for immune system function and thyroid function. Zinc-deficiency can result in many problems for the dog including: Lack of protection from infection. Puppies affected with zinc-deficiency experience stunted growth, diarrhea, crusted and cracked footpads, and multiple infections. These puppies do not respond to zinc supplementation, and usually die or are euthanized. True zinc-deficiency is rare and is thought to result from a malabsorption of zinc in the small intestine, as there is plenty of zinc that is highly bioavailable (easily absorbed) in good quality dog foods.

Copper is an essential mineral for dogs, cats and humans. So, you will nearly always find some form of copper on a dog food label. That is because in order to legally claim a product is “complete and balanced”, a dog food must contain the right amount of copper to meet AAFCO 1 nutrient profiles. Copper is an essential nutrient for the body. Together with iron, it enables the body to form red blood cells. It helps maintain healthy bones, blood vessels, nerves, and immune function, and it contributes to iron absorption. Sufficient copper in the diet may help prevent cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis, too.

All dogs can benefit from probiotics, which aid digestion and modulate the immune system. Probiotics produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which inhibit the growth and activity of harmful bacteria, such as E. coli, Salmonella, and Clostridium perfringens, as well as providing other benefits to the intestines. Probiotics may help give your immune system a boost and inhibit the growth of harmful gut bacteria. Also, some probiotics have been shown to promote the production of natural antibodies in the body. They may also boost immune cells like the IgA-producing cells, T lymphocytes and natural killer cells.